Tianhai Liu, Dr. rer. nat.

Researcher

Room 227, Building 50.34
Phone: +49 721 608-43856
Fax:      +49 721 608-44021
tianhai.liuXwx3∂kit.edu
KIT / Institute of Information Security and Dependability (KASTEL)

Am Fasanengarten 5
Building 50.34
76131 Karlsruhe
Germany

Research Interests

  • Formal methods and software verification
  • Cyber-physical systems
  • OSGi-based modular IoT architectures
  • FPGA-cloud-edge integration
  • DevOps/MLOps pipelines for continuous verification
  • AI-assisted software engineering

Publications

2025

  • Tianhai Liu, Shmuel Tyszberowicz, Bernhard Beckert: RAG4C: Observable-Centric Consistency Checking of Requirements and Models. Submitted to FSE 2026 Conference, under review, 2025.
  • Tianhai Liu, Shmuel Tyszberowicz, Bernhard Beckert: Analyses as First-Class Citizens in Model-Driven Development. Submitted to FASE 2026 Conference, under review, 2025
  • Tianhai Liu, James J. Hunt: Cloud-Edge Integration with RISC-V & FPGA. Submitted to RISC-V Summit, 2025.
  • Tianhai Liu, James J. Hunt: Memory Safe Software and Data Management for RISC-V. Submitted to EdgeAI, 2025.
  • Holger Blasum, Darshk Shladiya, Jan Reinhard, Florian Krebs, David Engraf, Enkhtuvshin Janchivnyambuu, Samuel Ardaya-Lieb, Tianhai Liu, and James J. Hunt: Porting Existing SW to Freshly Developed RISC-V System Software Stacks. Submitted to RISC-V Summit, 2025.

2023

  • Christian Birchler, Cyrill Rohrbach, Hyeongkyun Kim, Alessio Gambi, Tianhai Liu, Jens Horneber, Timo Kehrer, Sebastiano Panichella: TEASER: Simulation-Based CAN Bus Regression Testing for Self-Driving Cars Software. ASE 2023: 2058-2061.
  • Christian Birchler, Cyrill Rohrbach, Hyeongkyun Kim, Alessio Gambi, Tianhai Liu, Jens Horneber, Timo Kehrer, Sebastiano Panichella: TEASER: Simulation-based CAN Bus Regression Testing for Self-driving Cars Software. CoRR abs/2307.03279 (2023).

2018

  • Tianhai Liu: Efficient Verification of Programs with Complex Data Structures Using SMT Solvers. PhD Thesis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2018.

2017

  • Tianhai Liu, Shmuel S. Tyszberowicz, Bernhard Beckert, Mana Taghdiri: Computing Exact Loop Bounds for Bounded Program Verification. SETTA 2017: 147-163.

2016

  • Tianhai Liu, Shmuel S. Tyszberowicz, Mihai Herda, Bernhard Beckert, Daniel Grahl, Mana Taghdiri: Computing Specification-Sensitive Abstractions for Program Verification. SETTA 2016: 101-117.

2014

  • Daniel Grunwald, Christoph Gladisch, Tianhai Liu, Mana Taghdiri, Shmuel S. Tyszberowicz: Generating JML Specifications from Alloy Expressions. Haifa Verification Conference 2014: 99-115.
  • Tianhai Liu, Mateus Araújo, Marcelo d'Amorim, Mana Taghdiri: A Comparative Study of Incremental Constraint Solving Approaches in Symbolic Execution. Haifa Verification Conference 2014: 284-299.

2012

  • Tianhai Liu, Michael Nagel, Mana Taghdiri: Bounded Program Verification Using an SMT Solver: A Case Study. ICST 2012: 101-110.

Outreach / Popular Science

As a researcher and father, I occasionally write accessible articles for young readers to inspire curiosity and understanding of science and technology.

Articles in Front Vision Magazine
Tianhai Liu: Implementation and Application of Ultra-Large-Scale Computing. Front Vision 8.4 (2022), pp. 120–133.
Invited article for curious young minds interested in science and technology.
Tianhai Liu: Self-Replicating Nanorobots. Front Vision 8.5 (2022), pp. 74–85.
Invited article; explains ideas from nanotechnology and robotics in an accessible way.
Tianhai Liu: Embedded Computers in Daily Life. Front Vision 10.11 (2024).
Invited article; shows applications of embedded systems in everyday life.
This article introduces children to the fascinating "Computer Kingdom," a hidden realm that illustrates the diverse roles and applications of computers in modern life. Through a narrative journey across seven imaginative "train stations," we explore how computing technologies permeate daily environments—from smart homes and mobile devices to intelligent vehicles, industrial robots, network infrastructure, and smart cities. Along the way, the article explains the fundamental building blocks of computing, including microprocessors (MPUs), microcontrollers (MCUs), RISC and CISC architectures, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and systems-on-chip (SoCs). Each stop combines storytelling with technical insight, presenting complex concepts in an accessible and engaging manner. The article concludes by inspiring curiosity and encouraging children to appreciate both the visible conveniences and the foundations of computer technologies that shape the world.
Tianhai Liu: Deployment of Artificial Intelligence. Front Vision 10.14 (2024).
Invited article; covers practical aspects of AI deployment.
This article introduces how artificial intelligence (AI) systems move from theory to real-world applications, focusing on how AI models are trained, deployed, and executed. It explains the hardware–software ecosystem behind AI and how models are installed either in the cloud or on edge devices.

Projects

TRISTAN (12/2022 – Present)
Role: Project Lead for work packages – Integration and evaluation of RISC-V edge computing with cloud for the automotive domain, aicas GmbH Together for RISC-V Technology and ApplicatioNs (Horizon Europe Project). A collaborative project with 44 universities and consortium partners to expand and develop RISC-V architecture. Focus on seamless integration of edge computing solutions with cloud infrastructure for safety-critical automotive applications.

EU Contribution: € 15,430,543.81
→ Project Website
COSMOS (01/2021 – 03/2024)
Role: Project Lead for work packages – Development and integration of DevOps technologies for automotive software development pipeline with X-in-the-Loop simulation, aicas GmbH DevOps for Complex Cyber-physical Systems (Horizon Europe Project). A collaborative project with 12 universities to develop modern DevOps solutions for CPS. Focus on continuous integration and deployment pipelines with Model-in-the-Loop (MIL), Software-in-the-Loop (SIL), Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL), and Vehicle-in-the-Loop (VIL) testing for the automotive industry.

EU Contribution: € 4,998,571.25
→ Project Website
EMC2 (10/2016 – 06/2017)
Role: Research and Development Engineer, aicas GmbH Embedded Multi-Core Systems for Mixed Criticality Applications (Horizon Europe Project). Large-scale project involving 102 organizations to develop multi-core platforms for safety-critical embedded systems.

EU Contribution: € 15,588,761.02
→ Project Website
RS3 (01/2016 – 07/2018)
Role: Software Engineer at aicas GmbH, meanwhile work on Ph.D. thesis at KIT Reliably Secure Software Systems (DFG Project). Development of semantic-based certification and analysis tools for safety-critical software systems. → Project Website
Reliable Software Evolution (01/2013 – 06/2015)
Role: PhD Student, KIT German Israeli Foundation Project. Development of formal methods to ensure the reliability of evolving software systems using verification techniques. → Project Website
Analysis of Data Structure Properties in Large Programs (01/2011 – 12/2014)
Role: PhD Student, KIT DFG Project. Advanced static program analysis for large and complex programs using SMT solvers to verify complex data structures. → Project Website

Experience

  • 08/2025 – Present: Postdoc, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
    Project CoNVIDe, Work Package C03: Consistency-Enabled Incremental Quality Analysis of CPS [SFB 1608]
  • 08/2016 – Present: Project Lead and Senior Software Engineer, aicas GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 02/2011 – 07/2018: Research Associate (Ph.D. Student), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 09/2010 – 02/2011: Research Assistant, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
  • 05/2009 – 03/2010: IBM Research & Development, Böblingen, Germany

Education

  • 02/2011 – 07/2018: Dr. rer. nat. (Ph.D.), Computer Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 10/2006 – 04/2010: Master of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
  • 09/2002 – 07/2006: Bachelor of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

Student Opportunities & Theses

I am currently supervising Master/Bachelor theses, working students, and interns both at KIT and in industry (aicas GmbH). If you are interested in any of the topics listed below or have your own ideas related to my research interests, please feel free to contact me.

Available Positions:
  • Master Theses
  • Bachelor Theses
  • Working Student Positions
  • Internships

Locations: KIT (Karlsruhe) or aicas GmbH (Karlsruhe)

Current Topics:

Detailed topic descriptions will be added shortly. Please contact me for more information.

Professional Memberships

  • since 05/2022: Member, Association of Chinese Computer Scientists in Germany (GCI) [GCI]
  • since 11/2012: Member, Association of Chinese Mathematicians and Applied Mathematicians in Germany (GCMA) [GCMA]